Contributing Author:凯瑟琳·沃拉（Katherine Walla）
走进全球几乎所有杂货店，您会发现数百种产品，但是这种多样性具有误导性。在存在的大约30,000种植物中，“全球60％的卡路里来自四种农作物：大米，小麦，玉米和土豆”，”说玛丽·哈加（Marie Haga）作物信任。“因此，当您去超市看到成千上万种不同的产品时，您实际上会发现只有几种农作物为其中的一切做出了贡献。”
Seed genebanks across the world like the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, NordGen, and The World Vegetable Center preserve genetic material of biodiverse plants by stocking seeds and freezing plant trimmings. The millions of samples genebanks have collected provide a means to protect diversity for plant breeders in the future who may want to harness specific qualities and capabilities from crops—like drought resistance, heat resistance, and natural pest-resistance.
认识到这些Genebanks扮演的重要作用，以及他们对当地政治危机和自然灾害的敏感性，挪威农业和食品部，五个额外的部委，Nordgen以及农作物信托基金会在斯瓦尔巴群岛准备并计划了全球种子库。从全世界的Genebanks存储近100万种子，位于-18摄氏度的一个洞穴中，Svalbard全球种子库确保Genebank的种子消失或陷入废墟，世界上许多生物多样性仍将继续帮助确保粮食安全。
w88优德老虎机平台食品坦克（Food Tank）兴奋地强调了斯瓦尔巴德全球种子保险箱保护下的15种农作物。
1。苜蓿
苜蓿戏剧重要角色在土壤健康，昆虫多样性和全球可持续农场的灌溉效率方面。种子保险库的存储量来自加拿大和中国等大国，有助于Genebanks确保未来的生物多样性苜蓿生产不仅是农作物本身，而且还为其支持的其他农作物提供了生产。
2。鹰嘴豆
鹰嘴豆seeds from countries primarily in the Middle East and South Asia sit in the vault protected from future genebank disasters. The crop is a主食成分in India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, and its flour is gaining popularity in developed countries like the United States. To protect a positive future for chickpea seeds, over a dozen genebanks sent samples of their seeds for protection.
A prominent herb in Indian, Mexican, and Thai diets, cordiander’s vitality matters for global diets; however, in today’s rising temperatures, coriander may finish itslife cyclemore quickly. Genebanks in Russia, Canada, Germany, Austria, and the United States sent seed samples to the seed vault to back-up their own seed stocks, experiments, and research.
4。玉米
即使是标准的玉米或Zea Mays，也代表了30多种Genebanks的工作，以保护世界的生物多样性和生产食物的能力。玉米只是存在的30,000种可食用植物物种之一，但它是完全提供的四种农作物之一60 percent of calories globally。Genebanks储存了来自墨西哥，韩国，委内瑞拉和美国等国家的种子，以保护自己的种子。
5。Cowpea
牛豆（或蓝豌豆）来自阿根廷，安提瓜和巴布达，巴西，哥伦比亚等人的种子，在面对气候变化和贫困的生物不同的情况下，可以保证非洲，拉丁美洲，东南Aisan和美国Genebanks。虽然这种放心可以帮助舒适的cow豆食者，但cow豆是谁first harvested每年的作物都会为世界各地的肉食者提供舒适：农民可能会在某些经济和气候条件下偏爱牛豆作为牲畜饲料。
Called the pig bean in Brazil, the jack bean is mildly toxic unless properly boiled. Yet, it is a drought-resistant source of livestock feed due to its deep roots. Sourced mainly from Brazil, the seeds in the seed vault represent a biodiverse livestock feed option that can resist climate effects like drought.
7。菜豆
虽然新的饮食指南建议食客选择豆类，而不是牛肉来保护地球，但肾脏只需要额外的潜力第十生产牛肉所需的水。超过25个Genebanks从厄瓜多尔，印度，坦桑尼亚，土耳其等人发送了种子样品，以保护未来的农作物。
8。燕麦
燕麦species like the common oat, animated oat, wild oat, and lopsided oat contribute not only to diets across the world, but also livestock feed. And although farmers regard some strains of oats as weeds, others consider oat plants as the newest opportunity for sustainable agriculture as powerful cover crops. The seed vault helps secure this potential for oats sourced from countries like Eritrea, Ethiopia, Poland, Germany, and more.
9.豌豆
豌豆品种作为替代肉类的重要成分的日益普及可能会预测全球豌豆生产的增长：全球豌豆蛋白销售甚至可能甚至可能四倍by 2025. In an effort to ensure global biodiversity, genebanks store multiple pea varieties at the seed vault including the garden pea, wild pea, and tawny pea from countries like Syria, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and more.
10。土豆
尽管金库中包含近800,000个爱尔兰土豆种子，但野生和鲜为人知的土豆的种子为Genebanks提供了备份。由于马铃薯是世界各地的主食根蔬菜，因此保险库的供应为Genebanks提供了重要的备份，该备用是实验利用野生基因组来实现驯化农作物气候弹性。
11。米
With species of rice like African rice, wild red rice, and long-stamen rice, the seed vault has accumulated a back-up rice seed bank for genebanks all over the world. Sourced from countries like China, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, India, Japan, North Korea, Pakistan, and more, stocks of rice seeds represent that the world’s race to maintain biodiversity transcends political bounds.
12。芝麻
芝麻被考虑耐旱, it requires good soil moisture and nutrition to take root. Sesame seeds from countries like Nigeria, Yemen, and South Korea stored in the seed vault help genebanks store sesame seeds amidst上升全球芝麻生产率。
13。大豆
大豆s can produce both protein-rich foods and fuel. While soybean meal contributes to plant-based meat replacements,98 percentof the meal is used for animal feed—and humans use88％大豆油作为食物和12％用于燃料。将近20个Genebank贡献了超过700万种大豆和野生大豆种子，以保护自己的重要农作物收藏，以保护全球生物多样性。
14。番茄
尽管许多食客只熟悉花园番茄，但种子保险库还容纳了醋栗番茄，毛茸茸的番茄和辣椒番茄等种子。而毛茸茸的番茄的基因组可能会构成秘密natural pest resistance, the Peruvian tomato’s genomes may help struggling tomato types grow in严重的气候。主要来自厄瓜多尔和秘鲁等南美国家的种子为面对气候变化的影响而维持生物多样性的Genebanks提供了支持。
15。小麦
种子库包括10多种小麦，包括普通的小麦，硬脂小麦，铆钉小麦，甚至包括Karamyschev的小麦，波兰小麦和波斯小麦等鲜为人知的变体。普通小麦代表种子保险库中第二频繁获得的农作物，落在大米后面。在唯一的情况下，Genebank从保险库中取出种子，位于叙利亚的国际干旱地区（Icarda）国际农业研究中心，进入了他们储存的小麦种子和其他农作物，以补充内战期间丢失的种子。
Photo courtesy of the Crop Trust.
