A recentLancet学习, offering the first comprehensive assessment of the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), finds 1.27 million deaths were directly attributable to bacterial AMR in 2019. The study notes that antibiotics used in farming may contribute to AMR in humans, but a direct causal link remains controversial.
当细菌进化并变得对抗生素具有抗性,使感染更加困难甚至无法治疗时,就会发生细菌抗菌耐药性(AMR)。2021年,世界卫生组织宣布为AMR“人类面临的全球十大公共卫生威胁之一。”
TheLancet学习evaluates 88 pathogen-drug combinations and finds that the same six pathogens were responsible for more than 250,000 deaths in 2019. Among the seven deadliest AMR bacteria, vaccines are only available for two, S. pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
By 2050, the rise of AMR can lead to the loss of10 million lives per yearand US$3.4 trillion to the world’s annual gross domestic product in just 10 years, according to the study.
来自Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation(IHME)撰写了这项研究,希望决策者立即采取行动来预防和控制AMR的案例。IHME的传播经理康妮·金(Connie Kim)告诉食品坦克:“我们的创新不足以开发有效的疫苗,药物和治疗方法,使世界上每个国家的医生和护士无法治疗常见感染。”w88优德老虎机平台
Kim建议决策者可以通过改善基础设施来帮助解决AMR。这包括投资于监视和监视系统,加速对现有程序的支持,在需要时扩大抗生素的访问以及在不必要的情况下最大程度地减少使用以及增加用于抗生素和疫苗开发的资金。
根据U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization(粮农组织),抗菌药物对于治疗农作物,牲畜和水产养殖的疾病至关重要。AMR破坏了救生药物的有效性,并为食品安全,粮食安全和农民的生计带来了风险。许多人类AMR的案例也可以追溯到食源性和动物来源。
缺乏可用的数据可能会混淆AMR与农业之间的直接因果关系。仅有的89个国家收集有关动物抗菌药物使用的数据很少有植物农业中的数据。
The study also finds that low-resource settings are most affected by AMR, with the highest number of cases in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. “Antibiotic overuse or misuse is believed to be a major driver of AMR in low- and middle-income regions,” Kim tells Food Tank. “Limiting access to antibiotics through stewardship programs could be an appropriate response.”
The Joint Secretariat on AMR, comprising the U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP), FAO, the World Organisation for Animal Health, and the World Health Organization, coordinate the global response on AMR. The group established the One Health High-Level Expert Panel (OHHLEP) to offerOne Health专业知识。
According toOHHLEP,一个健康“认识到人类,家庭和野生动物,植物以及更广泛的环境(包括生态系统)的健康密切相关和相互依存。”
“一种健康方法是打击AMR的关键,” AMR联合秘书处全球协调主任Haileyesus Getahun告诉Food Tank。w88优德老虎机平台“没有任何部门或单独行动的国家可以应对AMR。解决AMR的唯一方法是一起工作。因此,国际合作,包括整个部门的集体健康行动,至关重要。”
Getahun说,干预措施必须旨在减少人类,动物和植物中抗菌素的使用,并防止感染在医疗机构和农场中的传播。这类干预措施可以包括加强法规和兽医服务,改善食品系统中的数据收集和监视以及管理动物农业中废物和废水的处置。
Getahun说,在防止AMR的出现和传播时,“预防是治愈方法”。“有必要提高食品系统链中的公众,农民和利益相关者的认识,包括消费者,抗生素和其他抗菌药物的AMR风险和过度使用。”
Articles like the one you just read are made possible through the generosity of Food Tank members. Can we please count on you to be part of our growing movement?Become a member today by clicking here.
照片由乔 - 安妮·麦克阿瑟(Jo-Anne McArthur)提供