Post-harvest food loss is a主要贡献者在世界上一些最贫穷的国家中，粮食不安全和贫穷。而在industrialized countriesfood is wasted in homes, restaurants, and grocery stores, in developing countries, most food loss occurs during harvest, storage, and transportation. For instance，，，，lack of access发展中国家的冷藏会导致水果，蔬菜，乳制品和肉类的重大损失。大约所有水果和蔬菜的一半洛克菲勒基金会（Rockefeller Foundation）表示，在撒哈拉以南非洲的生产被抛弃。谷物，豆类和豆类存储的问题可能会导致高达40％的损失。在发展中国家的小型农民可以使用的技术可以实质上改善生计。
一个文章published in the journal食物argues, “the solutions to reduce post-harvest losses require relatively modest investment and can result in high returns compared to increasing crop production to meet the food demand.” That same article finds that only five percent of agricultural research funds globally are directed towards post-harvest loss. However, using the little funding that is available, entrepreneurs, inventors, and researchers within developing countries are showing what can be done. They have come up with some innovative storage and packaging technologies that prevent post-harvest losses and are accessible to small-scale farmers.
食物Tank is excited to highlight eight ways that innovators are solving the issue of post-harvest food loss in developing countries.
1。冷毛
在尼日利亚，企业家Nnaemeka Ikegwuonu提出了一个系统，使小型水果和蔬菜生产商和卖家更容易使用冷藏。Ikegwuonu与企业家团队一起发展冷毛-小的整日使用太阳能电池板的凉爽储物中心，不关闭电网。农民或供应商可以在全国数百个冷门之一中租用空间，以每天收取的每日固定费用。ikegwuonu估计农民使用冷牛将损失降低了多达80％。
Scientists at the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) have manufactured a biodegradable plastic film wrap made from a tropical fruit waste flour. FrutiPlast compares in strength to normal plastic wrap and naturally biodegrades in three to six months after use. It costs 10 percent less than standard non-biodegradable plastic. This contrasts with most biodegradable plastic, which can cost up to八次more than conventional plastic.
在加纳北部，在过去的300年中，农民一直使用泥筒仓来存储谷物和其他非腐烂物。一家美国的非政府组织，国际机会工业化中心（OICI）运行一个将泥筒仓带到加纳其他地区的项目。泥筒仓储存不到25美元的价格不到25美元，将一吨半谷物储存，将损失降低至1％，持续50年。截至2014年，，，，OICI had trained 457 Ghanaians in silo construction and helped build 5,600 silos.
卓越后生物技术卓越中心的研究人员（CEPB) at the马来西亚诺丁汉大学已经发现了一种低成本的方法来保存水果和蔬菜。阿拉伯胶来自相思树，它们主要在非洲萨赫勒地区生长。研究人员发现，在施加了可食用的涂层后，西红柿可以储存至20天without deteriorating. There ispotentialfor farmers in the Sahel to start using gum arabic as a cheap sustainable option to preserve their fruits and vegetables.
印度浦那基于Promethean Power Systems已经开发了热驱动牛奶冷水机。在印度的许多地方，电力只能每天约八个小时。Rapid Milk Chillersuse thermal batteries to store energy and only need four hours of power to keep milk chilled all day. Promethean Power Systems sells to dairies that have installed the milk chillers in数百个乡村级牛奶收集中心。
6。Purdue Improved Crop Storage
Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags(PICS)使用防水聚乙烯袋创建一个气密环境kills pests and mold。Researchhas shown thathermetic (airtight) storage technologies like PICS can virtually eliminate losses of grains, pulses, coffee, and cacao beans.普渡大学的研究人员与农民密切合作，在喀麦隆开发了图片，以改善牛皮的存储。现在，负担得起的三袋技术现已用于世界各地的发展中国家。
7。活泼的
年轻的乌干达工程师劳伦斯·奥克塔约特（Lawrence Okettayot）正在通过发明的发明烘干机解决水果和蔬菜损失的问题。大约80 percentof Ugandans do not have electricity, according to the U.S. Agency for International Development. To solve this issue, the food dehydrator uses biofuels such as garden trimmings, leaves, or grass. The unit costs about US$80. Okettayot was inspired to create the Sparky by his uncle, who wanted to leave agriculture because he was losing 75 percent of his harvest in storage. Okettayot’s uncle now loses nothing using the Sparky and has increased his income by 400 percent.
8。Wakati
The Belgian-made Wakati is a small tent powered by a solar panel and one liter of water per week. Instead of cooling, the Wakati creates a protective microclimate in the tent that can extend the life of 200 kilograms of fruits and vegetables to up to 10 days. Wakati has distributed its technology in Haiti, Afghanistan, Tanzania, and Uganda. In onecase，，，，a Ugandan farmer decreased her losses by 50 percent.A pilot project distributed the first 100 Wakatis for free, and after that, they have cost US$100. The company hopes to get the costs down soon.
